Dermatology

Psoriasis

What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that occurs when skin cells grow too quickly, leading to a buildup of dead skin cells. This results in red, scaly patches along the skin. While psoriasis can develop at any age, it most commonly affects adults. Flare-ups may come and go, but for most people, psoriasis is a long-term condition that requires ongoing management.

What Causes Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease caused by a combination of genetics and immune system dysfunction. Certain triggers can cause flare-ups, including stress, infections, smoking, and alcohol use. While these factors can make symptoms worse, they are not the root cause.

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Psoriasis Symptoms

Anyone can be susceptible to developing psoriasis if it is within your genetic makeup. Psoriasis can appear in many forms upon the skin’s surface, including:

• Blistery-like pustules
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching or burning
• Joint pain and swelling (psoriatic arthritis)
• Plaques
• Red, scaly patches of skin
• Thickened or pitted nails

There are various types of psoriasis, such as the following:

Erythrodermic Psoriasis

Erythrodermic psoriasis is a rare but severe form that often develops as a reaction to plaque psoriasis. However, it can also appear in people with no previous history of psoriasis. This type covers large areas of the body with intense redness, scaling, and peeling. Symptoms may include itching, burning, swelling, fever, joint pain, brittle nails, and flaky skin. It requires immediate medical attention due to the risk of serious complications.

Guttate Psoriasis

Guttate psoriasis is more commonly seen in children and young adults, though it can occur at any age. It appears as small, red, scaly, teardrop-shaped spots—often triggered by environmental factors or bacterial infections like strep throat. The word “guttate” comes from the Latin word for “drop.”

Inverse Psoriasis

Inverse psoriasis develops in skin folds such as the armpits, under the breasts, around the groin, or between the buttocks. It presents as smooth, red patches that may be irritated by friction and sweating. Common symptoms include discomfort, itching, and soreness.

Plaque Psoriasis

The most common form of psoriasis, plaque psoriasis usually appears on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. It presents as raised; red patches covered with silvery-white scales. These patches can be dry, itchy, and sometimes bleed if scratched excessively.

Psoriatic Arthritis

It most often develops in people with psoriasis but can also occur in those without a history of skin symptoms. Common signs include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, fatigue, and nail changes. It typically affects adults and may impact daily mobility if left untreated.

Pustular Psoriasis

Pustular psoriasis is a rare form that causes pus-filled bumps on the skin, often surrounded by red, inflamed, and scaly areas. It most commonly appears on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet but can occur anywhere on the body. Symptoms may include itching, flaking, fever, chills, fatigue, headache, nausea, and dehydration. This type of psoriasis requires medical care and monitoring.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Psoriasis is typically diagnosed through a physical exam and a review of your medical history. In some cases, especially when the appearance of the skin is unclear or to rule out other skin conditions, your dermatologist may perform a skin biopsy. This involves removing a small sample of skin to examine under a microscope.

Topical Medications

Topical medications are frequently used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis. These may include corticosteroids, vitamin D creams, salicylic acid, or retinoids (vitamin A derivative) to reduce inflammation and help remove scales.

Phototherapy (Light Therapy)

Phototherapy uses controlled ultraviolet (UV) light to slow down skin cell growth. It’s usually done in a clinical setting and may be recommended when topical treatments aren’t enough.

Whole-Body Treatments

If your psoriasis isn’t well controlled with topical treatments or light therapy, your dermatologist may recommend whole-body treatments (also known as systemic treatments). These include oral medications or injectable biologics that work throughout the body to reduce inflammation and target the immune system.

Overall Health & Wellness

Managing psoriasis isn’t just about what goes on your skin, it’s also about taking care of your overall health.

• Mental health matters. Psoriasis is linked to increased risk of anxiety and depression. You’re not alone, and support is available.
• Diet and lifestyle can help. Eating anti-inflammatory foods such as berries, grapes, citrus fruits, and leafy greens may help reduce flare-ups.
• Stress management is key. Techniques like meditation, deep breathing, or sticking to a regular sleep schedule can help manage symptoms and reduce stress.
• Talk to someone when you need support. If you’re struggling with your mental health or need someone to talk to, help is available.
  
  • To speak with someone at UI Health, please call 866.600.CARE (2273). To schedule an appointment or get connected with care.